Page 19 - Kashmir and National Education Policy by Dr. Amarpreet Kour

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

the UK’s University Grants Commission (Government of India,
1948).

23. In 1952, the UGC was tasked with managing grants for Central
Universities and other institutions. It was officially inaugurated
by Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the Minister of Education
(Government of India, 1956).

24. Secondary Education Commission (1952), also known as the
Mudaliar Commission, was formed on 23rd September 1952
on the advice of the Central Advisory Board of Education
(1951). It was chaired by Dr. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar, the
Vice-Chancellor of Madras University, and aimed to reform
and improve secondary education in India. The commission
recommended diversifying the curriculum by introducing
vocational and general education streams to meet the varied
interests and abilities of students (Government of India, 1952).

25. It proposed a three-year structure for secondary education
(Classes IX to XI) and advocated for examination reforms to
reduce rote learning and emphasize understanding and practical
skills.

26. The commission also stressed the need for better teacher training
programs, improved school infrastructure with libraries and
laboratories, and the inclusion of co-curricular activities to
promote the all-round development of students. Additionally, it
highlighted the importance of career counselling and guidance
services for students.

27. Education Commission (1964–66) chaired by Dr. D.S.
Kothari, was established to reform India’s education system
comprehensively. Known as the Kothari Commission, it
introduced the 10+2+3 system of education, emphasized the
importance of science and technology, vocational education, and
proposed a common school system to promote equality. It also
recommended free and compulsory education up to the age of 14
and suggested increasing public expenditure on education to 6%
of GDP. The Commission’s recommendations laid the foundation
for the National Policy on Education (1968) (Government of
India,1966).

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